What is Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU)?
Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) is an inflammation of the urethra that is not caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is responsible for gonorrhea. NGU can affect both men and women, though it is more commonly diagnosed in men. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Inflammation in this area can lead to discomfort and other urinary symptoms.
NGU is often caused by various bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens, and is a common condition treated in sexual health clinics. Unlike gonorrhea, which is caused by a specific bacterium, NGU can have multiple infectious agents, making its diagnosis and treatment more complex. Understanding the different causes and maintaining awareness of the symptoms can help in managing and preventing the spread of NGU.
FAQ on Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU)
What causes Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU)?
NGU can be caused by several different pathogens, including:
- Chlamydia trachomatis: The most common cause.
- Mycoplasma genitalium: Another significant cause of NGU.
- Ureaplasma urealyticum: A less common cause.
- Trichomonas vaginalis: A protozoan parasite that can also cause NGU.
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Viral infection leading to NGU.
- Adenoviruses: Viral infections typically associated with respiratory illnesses can also cause NGU.
- Other Bacteria: Various other bacterial infections.
How is Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) transmitted?
NGU is typically transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex with an infected partner. The infection can spread through direct contact during these activities. Sharing sex toys without proper cleaning or using condoms can also spread NGU. Additionally, non-infectious sources such as soaps, lotions, or spermicides can cause irritation leading to NGU.
What are the symptoms of Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU)?
Symptoms of NGU can vary but often include:
- Discharge from the penis or vagina
- Burning or pain during urination
- Irritation or itching inside the penis
- In women, symptoms can be mild or absent but may include vaginal discharge and discomfort
What are the complications of untreated Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU)?
If left untreated, NGU can lead to serious health complications, including:
- In men, it can cause epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis), which can lead to infertility.
- In women, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.
- Increased risk of contracting other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV.
How is Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) diagnosed?
Diagnosing M. genitalium can be challenging due to the lack of widespread availability of testing. Common diagnostic methods include:
- Swab Tests: Swabs of the affected area (cervix, urethra) can be taken and tested in a laboratory to detect the presence of the bacterium.
- Urine Tests: In men, a urine sample can be used to detect the presence of the bacterium.
How is Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) treated?
Treatment for Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) usually involves antibiotics. The specific medication prescribed will depend on the underlying cause of the infection. Common treatments include:
- Azithromycin: A single dose is often effective.
- Doxycycline: Usually taken for seven days.
Can Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) be prevented?
NGU can be prevented by taking several precautions:
- Practice Safe Sex: Use condoms consistently and correctly.
- Regular STI Screenings: Get regular screenings, especially if you have multiple sexual partners.
- Communication: Talk openly with sexual partners about STI status and health.
- Avoid Irritants: Avoid using soaps, lotions, or spermicides that can irritate the urethra.
- Clean Sex Toys: Ensure sex toys are thoroughly cleaned and use condoms on shared toys.
- Good Hygiene: Maintain good genital hygiene to prevent infections.
