Gardnerella vaginalis

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis may include:

• Thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge
• Strong fishy odor, especially after intercourse
• Vaginal itching or irritation
• Burning sensation during urination

Diagnosis of BV typically involves:

• Medical History and Symptom Review: Discussing symptoms and health history with a healthcare provider.
• Pelvic Examination: A physical examination of the vagina and cervix to check for signs of BV.
• Microscopic Examination: A sample of vaginal discharge is examined under a microscope to look for clue cells (vaginal cells coated with bacteria), which are indicative of BV.
• pH Test: Measuring the pH of the vaginal fluid; a pH higher than 4.5 is a common sign of BV.
• Whiff Test: Adding a solution to the discharge sample to check for a fishy odor, which is characteristic of BV.

If left untreated, BV can lead to several complications, such as:

• Increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV
• Higher likelihood of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth and low birth weight
• Increased risk of post-surgical infections after procedures like hysterectomy or abortion

Treatment for BV usually involves antibiotics, which can be administered orally or vaginally. Common treatments include:

• Metronidazole: Available as an oral tablet or a vaginal gel.
• Clindamycin: Available as an oral tablet, vaginal cream, or suppository.
• Tinidazole: An oral antibiotic.

Preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing BV include:

• Avoiding douching, which can disrupt the natural vaginal flora
• Limiting the number of sexual partners and practicing safe sex
• Maintaining good vaginal hygiene without over-cleansing
• Using condoms to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections
• Regular medical check-ups and prompt treatment of any vaginal symptoms

BV itself is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI); however, the risk of developing BV can increase with multiple sexual partners or a new sexual partner. It's important to practice safe sex and maintain good hygiene to reduce the risk of imbalance in the vaginal flora.

While Gardnerella vaginalis primarily affects women, men can carry the bacteria without showing symptoms. Men typically do not experience health issues from Gardnerella vaginalis, but they can transmit the bacteria to female partners during sexual activity. It's important for both partners to be aware of the condition and seek treatment if necessary.